Freedom House 24 UK Parliament, “Topical Questions,” Hansard, Volume 655, February 26, 2019, https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2019-02-26/debates/A8F2336E29F5-45A9-877C-E4199E7E1395/TopicalQuestions?highlight=sayed%20 alwadaei#contribution-68069B93-9188-41AE-A773-7DCE7F37B506. 33 25 UK Government, “National Statistics: How many people do we grant asylum or protection to?” March 3, 2022, https://www.gov.uk/ government/statistics/immigration-statistics-year-ending-december-2021/ how-many-people-do-we-grant-asylum-or-protection-to#. 34 UK Government, “Guidance: Permission to work and volunteering for asylum seekers,” May 4, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ handling-applications-for-permission-to-take-employment-instruction/ permission-to-work-and-volunteering-for-asylum-seekers-accessible-version; UK Government, “Asylum support,” https://www.gov.uk/asylum-support/ what-youll-get. 35 26 Home Office, “ Turkey: Gulenist movement,” Country Police and Information Note, February 2022, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1052283/TUR_ CPIN_G%C3%BClenist_movement.pdf Home Office, “China: Muslims (including Uyghurs in Xinjiang,” Country Policy and Information Note, July 2022, https://assets.publishing.service. gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1012814/ China_-_Muslims_-_CPIN_-_v1.0.pdf David Neal, An inspection of asylum casework (August 2020-May 2021), Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/1034012/An_inspection_of_asylum_casework_ August_2020_to_May_2021.pdf. “The Home Office is failing refugees, I’ve seen it from the inside,” The Guardian, October 8, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/ oct/08/home-office-refugees-asylum-claims-pressure-staff 36 Nationalities and Borders Act 2022, https://www.legislation.gov. uk/ukpga/2022/36/contents/enacted ; https://www.lawsociety.org. uk/topics/immigration/nationality-and-borders-act; Alex Balch, “Nationality and Borders Act becomes law: five key changes explained,” The Conversation, April 29, 2022, https://theconversation.com/ nationality-and-borders-act-becomes-law-five-key-changes-explained-182099. 27 Rajeev Syal, “UK minister admits big fall in returns of boat arrivals since Brexit,” The Guardian, November 17, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/nov/17/ uk-minister-admits-big-fall-in-returns-of-boat-arrivals-since-brexit. 28 Alice Ross, “UK risks legitimizing Sudan’s rights abuses with migration talks, MPs warn,” The Guardian, February 21, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/feb/21/ uk-risks-legitimising-sudan-rights-abuses-with-migration-talks-mps-warn. 29 Mark Townsend, “EU countries snub Priti Patel’s plans to return asylum seekers,” The Guardian, May 9, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/09/ eu-countries-snub-priti-patels-plans-to-return-asylum-seekers 30 Radina Gigova, “UK announces controversial plan to send asylum-seekers to Rwanda,” CNN, April 15, 2022, https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/14/europe/ uk-rwanda-migrant-deal-gbr-intl/index.html; Stephen Castle, Megan Specia, and Abdi Latif Dahir, “UK Plans to send Some Asylum Seekers to Rwanda,” The New York Times, April 14, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/world/ europe/uk-rwanda-asylum-seekers.html 31 See Freedom in the World 2022 which rates Rwanda as “Not Free” https:// freedomhouse.org/country/rwanda/freedom-world/2022 and Nate Schenkkan and Isabel Linzer, “Rwanda: Transnational Repression Origin Country Case Study,” in Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression, (Washington, D.C.: Freedom House, February 2021), https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/rwanda. 32 The Crown Prosecutors Service, “Extradition,” May 12, 2020, https://www.cps. gov.uk/legal-guidance/extradition 37 UK Government, “Extradition: Process and Review,” March 23, 2013, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/ extradition-processes-and-review#extradition-from-the-uk-other-territories. 38 UK Government, “Guidance: Mutual legal assistance and extradition treaty list,” December 21, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/ publications/international-mutual-legal-assistance-agreements/ mutual-legal-assistance-and-extradition-treaty-list-accessible-version. 39 Home Office, “Guidelines for Authorities outside of the United Kingdom,” Request for Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, March 2022, https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/1069752/Request_for_MLA_in_criminal_matters_ guidelines_2022.pdf; HM Government, “Human Rights Guidance,” Overseas Security and Justice Assistance, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/583304/OSJA_ Guidance_2017.pdf. 40 UK Government, “Extradition: process and review,” March 26, 2013, https:// www.gov.uk/guidance/extradition-processes-and-review. 41 Emma Graham-Harrison, “Syrian activist barred from travel after UK seizes passport at Assad’s request,” The Guardian, September 24, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/24/ syrian-journalist-zaina-erhaim-passport-held-assad-request#. 42 freedomhouse.org 11

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