Remitting 163 develop what is called the Proclamation of Principles for the Free Syrian Army. I put it online. It’s twelve points talking about liberty, democracy, freedom, equality of treatment to all citizens, condemning revenge killing, condemning use of chemical weapons or weapons of mass destruction, [having] peaceful relationships with neighboring countries, restoring order and peace in Syria. The people there, the officers there, they were very receptive. They were very enthusiastic that they are doing this because they really believe that this is what they stand for, and they signed on it. They formed what is called the Military Councils for each province that were supposed to lead the effort and the organization among the fighters and prevent them from those battalions turning into gangs or warlords. Syrians also traveled to opposition hubs in Turkey or Qatar to deliver workshops on political leadership, human rights, international law, and citizen journalism, as well as on how to “document all of the crimes and human rights abuses,” according to Ahmed from London. Ammar Abdulhamid of the USbased Tharwa Foundation established an initiative to work on transitional planning for a post-Assad Syria in partnership with the Public International Law and Policy Group. Dr. Radwan Ziadeh, head of the Syrian Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Washington, DC, reported undertaking a similar initiative. In these ways, Syrians in the diaspora worked to channel their professional experience and expertise to the revolution, the humanitarian crisis, and into short- and long-term development and political capacitybuilding. In contrast to the aforementioned interventions, I did not find any evidence that Yemeni movements worked collectively to channel resources to the rebellion or its medical volunteers during the main Arab Spring period, which lasted from January to November 2011. No diaspora movement leaders report fundraising for Sanaʻa’s field hospital, for instance, or sending donations to any of the other protest sites. Instead, interviewees like Adel in Michigan attested that some individuals and families channeled funds to victims of regime violence in Change Square by wiring money to people they knew on the ground.13 One Yemeni American reported sending several cameras to Change Square, but he never received confirmation of whether these cameras ever reached their intended recipients. From London Safa, Awssan, and several others shipped a container of food, clothes, medicine, and medical equipment to Aden, Yemen’s southern port city. They did so by partnering with an Aden-based charity, alFirdos, whose head arranged to receive the shipment. Awssan said that the community’s response to this project was “excellent.” This charitable initiative occurred after the Arab Spring had waned, however, and the aid was intended for Yemen’s needy writ large, rather than for anti-regime protesters. 13 When I visited Sanaʻa’s field hospital in June 2012, the head doctor attested that his team had received donations from abroad. However, it is unknown how much money was channeled to the field hospital from various sources overseas. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272148 Published online by Cambridge University Press