DEFENDING DEMOCRACY IN EXILE Policy Responses to Transnational Repression CASE STUDY South Africa S outh Africa hosts hundreds of thousands of refugees, asylum seekers, and diaspora members, largely from other African countries. Despite a well-known trend of transnational repression and intermittent diplomatic and legal responses, South African authorities are largely ill-prepared to address the threat at scale due to administrative problems, issues with policing, preoccupation with other domestic security issues, and conflicting foreign policy goals. Xenophobia directed at migrants compounds many of these problems and reduces the political will to address them. Best practices in South Africa’s response to transnational repression: • Courts routinely protect the right to asylum, providing an important safeguard against refoulement and degradation of the rights afforded to people in the migration system. • A joint project with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is in place to clear the asylum application backlog by 2024. • The government has demonstrated it is capable of creating accountability for transnational repression through the application of domestic criminal law and by expelling diplomats. Refugees in Cape Town asked the UNHCR to intervene on their behalf after they said they no longer felt safe in South Africa due to high levels of crime and xenophobia. Photo credit: Rodger Bosch/ AFP via Getty Images.

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