governments or establish a second layer of vetting to Interpol’s internal vetting process for Notices. • Investigate possible instances of transnational repression and prosecute those responsible. Enact specific legislation consistent with human rights norms if current laws are inadequate to address abuses. • Establish a national system to track domestic cases of transnational repression with appropriate safeguards for individuals’ privacy and to ensure the protection of asylum seekers and refugees, and with the ability for citizens to report experiences and concerns, anonymously if needed. • Provide appropriate training to policymakers, diplomats, and bureaucrats about transnational repression, including ways in which they could unknowingly be enabling or even assisting allied governments to engage in transnational repression. • Respect the prohibition on refoulement under international law. Reject the requests of foreign governments seeking the extradition or deportation of an individual with refugee status, or who is an asylum seeker awaiting a decision on their claim, or would otherwise face a risk of persecution, torture, or other serious harm if returned to their country. • Instruct immigration judges and other officials to take into account transnational repression when assessing asylum claims. • Give full consideration to the human rights record of a government, including detainee abuses and transnational repression when signing, amending, or refusing an extradition treaty. • Work with other concerned governments to build a rights-respecting global consensus on the use of technology, such as spyware, that are used as tools of repression. • Ensure diaspora members have adequate identification by issuing consular documents easily and in a timely manner. This will offer better protection and reduce the need to renew documents, which may entail contact with their homecountry embassies. • Facilitate family reunification for asylum seekers and refugees, including from countries known to have engaged in transnational repression, taking into account the risk of reprisals that relatives may face. • Protect individuals who have contacted the authorities to report credible cases of transnational repression from deportation and extradition, including by advising 43 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | FEBRUARY 2024