Saudi Arabia.................................................................................................................. 20
United Arab Emirates ..................................................................................................... 21
Targeting and Collective Punishment of Relatives .................................................................. 22
Bahrain ......................................................................................................................... 22
Egypt ............................................................................................................................ 22
Ethiopia ........................................................................................................................ 23
Russia ........................................................................................................................... 23
Rwanda ......................................................................................................................... 24
Saudi Arabia.................................................................................................................. 25
Tajikistan ...................................................................................................................... 26
Turkmenistan ................................................................................................................ 27
Abuse of Consular Services .................................................................................................. 27
Belarus ......................................................................................................................... 28
Egypt ............................................................................................................................ 28
Rwanda ......................................................................................................................... 29
Digital Transnational Repression .......................................................................................... 29
China ............................................................................................................................ 31
Ethiopia ........................................................................................................................ 32
Rwanda ......................................................................................................................... 32
Saudi Arabia.................................................................................................................. 33
In focus: Interpol & Transnational Repression ....................................................................... 33
Interpol Structure & Leadership ...................................................................................... 34
Abuse of the Red Notice System ..................................................................................... 35
Bahrain ......................................................................................................................... 37
China ............................................................................................................................ 37
Saudi Arabia.................................................................................................................. 38
Tajikistan ...................................................................................................................... 38
Government Responses and Cautions ................................................................................ 39
Government Responses........................................................................................................ 39
Cautions .............................................................................................................................. 40
Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 42
To governments responsible for acts of transnational repression: .................................... 42
To the United Nations and other multilateral organizations: ............................................. 42
To governments combatting transnational repression: .................................................... 42
To Interpol: .................................................................................................................... 44
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 46