Freedom House Elsa Buchanan, “Burundi: Activists Warn of a ‘Death Squad’ in Kenya After Exiled Politician is ‘Executed’,” International Business Times, January 13, 2016, https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/burundi-activists-warn-death-squad-kenyaafter-exiled-politician-executed-1535896; Cyrus Ombati, “Kenya Police Investigate Killing of Burundi Man in Nairobi,” The Standard, January 4, 2016, https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/nairobi/article/2000187013/ kenya-police-investigate-killing-of-burundi-man-in-nairobi. Human Rights Watch, “Tanzania: Burundian Refugees ‘Disappeared,’ Tortured,” November 30, 2020, https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/11/30/ tanzania-burundian-refugees-disappeared-tortured. 308 Equatorial Guinea Press and Information Office, “El Tribunal Militar reunido en Ovengazem ha dictado sentencia contra los implicados en el fallido segundo golpe de Estado de 2017” [The Military Court meeting in Ovengazem has handed down a judgment against those involved in the failed second coup of 2017], March 26, 2020, https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia. php?id=15176. 309 EG Justice, “Equatorial Guinea: Cease Attacks Against Critical Voices,” April 16, 2019, https://www.egjustice.info/content/equatorial-guinea-ceaseattacks-against-critical-voices; “Chad Frees E. Guinea Opposition Figure,” The East African, April 24, 2019, https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ africa/E--Guinea-opposition-figure-freed-after-Chad-arrest/45529025086082-14nytlvz/index.html; Africa Times, “Tag Archives: Andrés Esono Ondo,” accessed December 30, 2020, https://africatimes.com/tag/ andres-esono-ondo/. 310 Colum Lynch and Robbie Gramer, “U.N. Fears Ethiopia Purging Ethnic Tigrayan Officers From Its Peacekeeping Missions,” Foreign Policy, November 23, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/23/ un-ethiopia-purging-tigrayan-officers-peacekeeping-missions/. 311 Amnesty International, “Urgent Action: Sudanese Political Activist Held Incommunicado,” February 28, 2020, https://www.amnesty.org/ download/Documents/MDE2357792017ENGLISH.pdf; Frontline Defenders, “Al Qasem Mohammad Sayyed Ahmad Detained in Unknown Location by Saudi Authorities and at Risk of Deportation to Sudan,” accessed December 20, 2020, https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/ al-qasem-mohammad-sayyed-ahmad-detained-unknown-location-saudiauthorities-and-risk-deportation. 312 “Opposition Members Face Increasing Restrictions Ahead of 2021 Election,” Civicus, April 28, 2020, https://monitor.civicus.org/updates/2020/04/28/ opposition-members-face-increasing-restrictions-ahead-2021-elections/. 313 David Bozzini, “The Fines and the Spies: Fears of State Surveillance in Eritrea and in the Diaspora,” Social Analysis 59, no. 4 (December 2015), https://www. researchgate.net/publication/292336313_The_Fines_and_the_Spies_Fears_of_ State_Surveillance_in_Eritrea_and_in_the_Diaspora. 314 Amnesty International, “Eritrea: Repression Without Borders,” 2019, https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR6405422019ENGLISH.PDF. 315 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, “Statement Attributable to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi on the Situation in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region,” December 11, 2020, https://www.unhcr.org/news/ press/2020/12/5fd3ab2d4/statement-attributable-un-high-commissionerrefugees-filippo-grandi-situation.html. 316 The Central Asia Political Exile (CAPE) database is an invaluable resource on transnational repression in the region: Exeter Central Asian Studies Network, “CAPE: Database of known Central Asian Political Exiles,” accessed December 21, 2020, https://excas.net/exiles/. 317 Alexander Cooley, “The League of Authoritarian Gentlemen,” Foreign Policy, January 30, 2013, https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/01/30/ the-league-of-authoritarian-gentlemen/. 318 Edward Lemon, “Tajikistan Extradites Opposition Leader, Arrests Sympathizers,” Eurasianet, February 4, 2015, https://eurasianet.org/ tajikistan-extradites-opposition-leader-arrests-sympathizers. 319 Human Rights Watch, “Tajikistan: Severe Crackdown on Political Opposition,” February 17, 2016, https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/02/17/ tajikistan-severe-crackdown-political-opposition. 320 Amnesty International, “Tajikistani Dissenters at Grave Risk After an Opposition Leader Shot Dead in Turkey,” March 6, 2015, https://www.amnesty. org/en/latest/news/2015/03/tajikistan-opposition-leader-shot-dead-in-turkey/; Human Rights Watch “Tajikistan: Severe Crackdown on Political Opposition”. 321 Amnesty International, “Georgia/Azerbaijan: Exiled Azerbaijani Journalist at Risk of Torture After Cross-Border Abduction,” May 30, 2017, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/05/ georgia-azerbaijan-exiled-azerbaijani-journalist-at-risk-of-torture/. 322 Tony Wesolowsky, “‘Trust No One’: Exiled Azerbaijani Reporter Says He’s Being Hunted In Kyiv,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, March 19, 2018, https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-report-exiled-ukraine-escapesabduction/29109481.html. 323 “Italy Gives Wife, Daughter of Wanted Kazakh Banker Refugee Status,” Reuters, April 19, 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-kazakhstan/ italy-gives-wife-daughter-of-wanted-kazakh-banker-refugee-statusidUSBREA3I0BU20140419. 324 “The List of Kazakh Dissidents, Their Families and Colleagues Persecuted with the Use of INTERPOL in the European Union in 2012-15,” Open Dialogue, April 7, 2015, https://en.odfoundation. eu/a/6218,the-list-of-kazakh-dissidents-their-families-and-colleaguespersecuted-with-the-use-of-interpol-in-the-european-union-in-2012-15. 325 Mihra Rittman, “Kyrgyzstan Extradites Activist to Risk of Torture,” Human Rights Watch, June 27, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/27/ kyrgyzstan-extradites-activist-risk-torture. 326 Nurjamal Djanibekova, “Kyrgyzstan: Partner of AntiCorruption Activist Detained by Security Services,” Eurasianet, December 20, 2019, https://eurasianet.org/ kyrgyzstan-partner-of-anti-corruption-activist-detained-by-security-services. 327 Human Rights Watch, “UAE: Unrelenting Harassment of Dissidents’ Families,” December 22, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/12/22/ uae-unrelenting-harassment-dissidents-families. 328 Crofton Black, “ Spy Companies Using Channel Islands to Track Phones Around the World,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, December 16, 2020, https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2020-12-16/ spy-companies-using-channel-islands-to-track-phones-around-the-world. 329 Amar Toor and Russell Brandom, “A Spy in the Machine,” The Verge, January 21, 2015, https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/21/7861645/finfisherspyware-let-bahrain-government-hack-political-activist; David D. Kirkpatrick, “Israeli Software Helped Saudis Spy on Khashoggi, Lawsuit Says,” New York Times, December 2, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/ middleeast/saudi-khashoggi-spyware-israel.html. 330 Human Rights Watch, “Egypt: Deported Dissidents Missing,” April 4, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/04/egypt-deported-dissidents-missing. 331 freedomhouse.org 73