OUT OF SIGHT, NOT OUT OF REACH The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression 232 Ayman M. Mohyeldin, “No One Is Safe: How Saudi Arabia Makes Dissidents Disappear,” Vanity Fair, July 29, 2019, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/07/ how-saudi-arabia-makes-dissidents-disappear; Human Rights Watch, “Saudi Arabia: Reveal Young Poet’s Whereabouts,” June 13, 2018, https://www. hrw.org/news/2018/06/13/saudi-arabia-reveal-young-poets-whereabouts; Amnesty International, “Urgent Action: Qatari National Arbitrarily Held Incommunicado,” June 18, 2018, https://www.amnesty.org/download/ Documents/MDE2385812018ENGLISH.pdf. 245 Freedom House, “Saudi Arabia,” Freedom in the World, 2020, https:// freedomhouse.org/country/saudi-arabia/freedom-world/2020. 246 233 Human Rights Watch, “Saudi Arabia: Travel Restrictions on Saudi Women Lifted,” August 22, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/22/saudi-arabiatravel-restrictions-saudi-women-lifted. Human Rights Watch, “Saudi Arabia’s Absher App: Controlling Women’s Travel While Offering Government Services,” May 6, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/05/06/saudiarabias-absher-app-controlling-womens-travel-while-offering-government; Hillary Leung, “What to Know About Absher, Saudi Arabia’s Controversial ‘Woman-Tracking’ App,” Time, February 19, 2019, https://time.com/5532221/ absher-saudi-arabia-what-to-know/. 234 David Ignatius, “Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Uses Travel Restrictions to Consolidate Power,” Washington Post, June 18, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/18/ saudi-arabias-crown-prince-uses-travel-restrictions-consolidate-power/. 235 Human Rights Watch, “Fleeing Woman Returned to Saudi Arabia Against Her Will,” April 14, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/14/fleeing-womanreturned-saudi-arabia-against-her-will; “Flying Without a Man: The Mysterious Case of Dina Ali,” British Broadcasting Corporation, June 1, 2017, https://www. bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-40105983. 236 Donna Abu-Nasr and Vivian Nereim, “What Damage Control Looks Like in Saudi Arabia,” Bloomberg, October 18, 2018, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/ articles/2018-10-18/the-khashoggi-case-and-the-climate-of-fear-in-saudi-arabia. Borzou Daragahi, “This TV Executive Had a Lot of Enemies and Now He Is Dead,” BuzzFeed News, May 2, 2017, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ borzoudaragahi/this-tv-executive-had-a-lot-of-enemies-and-now-he-is-dead. Robert-Jan Bartunek and John Irish, “Iran Diplomat Among Six Arrested over Suspected Plot against Opposition Meeting,” Reuters, July 2, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-attacks-belgium-iran/ iran-diplomat-among-six-arrested-over-suspected-plot-against-oppositionmeeting-idUSKBN1JS1C3. 247 Steven Erlanger, “Iranian Diplomat Accused of Plotting to Bomb Dissidents Goes on Trial in Belgium,” New York Times, November 27, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/27/world/europe/iran-dissidents-bombassadi-belgium.html. 248 Martin Selsoe Sorensen, “Iran Accused of Plot to Assassinate Dissident in Denmark,” New York Times, November 1, 2018, https://www.nytimes. com/2018/11/01/world/europe/denmark-assassination-iran.html; “Denmark Calls in Saudi Envoy over Arab Separatist Plot,” The Local, June 11, 2020, https://www.thelocal.dk/20200611/denmark-calls-in-saudi-envoy-over-arabseperatist-plot. In a twist two years later, Danish authorities arrested the target of the assassination plot and two others on accusations of spying for Saudi Arabia. 249 Benet Koleka, “Albania Says it Foiled Iranian Plot to Attack Exiled Dissidents,” Reuters, October 23, 2019, https://in.reuters.com/article/uk-albania-iran/ albania-says-it-foiled-iranian-plot-to-attack-exiled-dissidents-idINKBN1X22CN. 237 250 Sarah Aziza, “The Saudi Government’s Global Campaign to Silence Its Critics,” New Yorker, January 15, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/news/ dispatch/the-saudi-governments-global-campaign-to-silence-its-critics. 251 238 Freedom House documented physical cases of transnational repression in six countries; “everyday” forms of transnational repression were documented in an additional three countries. 239 240 Freedom House interview with Iranian exile, November 2019. Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, “No Safe Haven: Iran’s Global Assassination Campaign,” February 3, 2011, https://iranhrdc.org/ no-safe-haven-irans-global-assassination-campaign. 241 Michael Lipin, “Assassination of Top Nuclear Scientist Highlights Iran’s Security Weakness,” Voice of America, November 28, 2020, https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/voa-news-iran/ assassination-top-nuclear-scientist-highlights-irans-security-weakness. 242 “Arrest of Terror Group’s Head Showed Power of Iranian Intelligence Forces: MP,” Tehran Times, August 4, 2020, https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/450870/ Arrest-of-terror-group-s-head-showed-power-of-Iranian-intelligence. 243 “De moorden die Iran in Nederland zou hebben gepleegd” [The murders that Iran is alleged to have committed in the Netherlands], NU.nl, January 8, 2019, https://www.nu.nl/dvn/5671358/de-moorden-die-iran-in-nederland-zouhebben-gepleegd.html. 244 70 “Exclusive: Iranian Diplomats Instigated Killing of Dissident in Istanbul, Turkish Officials Say,” Reuters, March 27, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/ article/us-turkey-iran-killing-exclusive/exclusive-iranian-diplomats-instigatedkilling-of-dissident-in-istanbul-turkish-officials-say-idUSKBN21E3FU; Humeyra Pamuk, “US Believes Iran Was ‘Directly Involved’ in Killing of Iranian Dissident in Turkey,” Reuters, April 1, 2020, https://www.reuters.com/article/ us-turkey-iran-killing-usa/u-s-believes-iran-was-directly-involved-in-killing-ofiranian-dissident-in-turkey-idUSKBN21K027. @FreedomHouse Yaghoub Fazeli, “Iraqi Govt. Source Challenges IRGC’s Story of Arrest of Iranian Dissident,” Al Arabiya, October 18, 2019, https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/10/18/ Iraqi-govt-source-challenges-IRGC-s-story-of-arrest-of-Iranian-dissident. “Ruhollah Zam: Iran ‘Arrests Exiled Journalist’ for Fanning Unrest,” British Broadcasting Corporation, October 14, 2019, https:// www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50045089; Reporters Without Borders, “Tehran Court Sentences AmadNews Editor Rouhollah Zam to Death,” June 30, 2020, https://rsf.org/en/news/ tehran-court-sentences-amadnews-editor-rouhollah-zam-death. 252 “Iran Arrests Fugitive Businessman Accused Of Corruption,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, November 13, 2019, https://www.rferl.org/a/iranarrests-fugitive-businessman-accused-of-corruption/30269958.html. 253 “Family Tells AP: Iran Abducted California Man While in Dubai,” Voice of America, August 4, 2020, https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/ voa-news-iran/family-tells-ap-iran-abducted-california-man-while-dubai. 254 Kaamil Ahmed, “Iran Arrests Leading Arab Separatist Figure Abroad,” Middle East Eye, November 1, 2020, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ iran-arrests-sunni-separatist-leader-abroad. 255 David Keyton and Jan M. Olsen, “Sweden Charges Iraqi Man with Spying for Iran,” November 6, 2019, Associated Press, November 6, 2019, https://apnews. com/article/08bc907cd58b47758d0e66c2af14f9c1. 256 #TransnationalRepression