Abbreviations CT FSA ICC ICG ISIS LCC LETF MENA NATO NFSL NGO SAC SNC TR UCI UN YCA conflict transmission Free Syrian Army International Criminal Court International Crisis Group Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham Local Coordination Committees (in Syria) Libyan Emergency Task Force Middle East and North Africa North Atlantic Treaty Organization National Front for the Salvation of Libya nongovernmental organization Syrian American Council Syrian National Council transnational repression University of California, Irvine United Nations Yemeni Community Association xvii https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009272148 Published online by Cambridge University Press