DEFENDING DEMOCRACY IN EXILE Policy Responses to Transnational Repression Endnotes United Nations Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants; the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief; the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism; and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Document reference AL UKR 3/2020 (November 11, 2020), https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/ DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=25684. 1 Diego Cupolo, “Ukraine deports suspected Gulen supporters to Turkey,” AL-Monitor, January 6, 2021, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/01/ turkey-ukraine-deport-suspected-gulen-supporters-fidan-gure.html. 2 Igor Savchenko, “The Case of Zhanara Akhmetova: Ukraine Is in Haste to Arrest and to Extradite Kazakhstani Journalist,” Open Dialogue Foundation, May 26, 2020, https://en.odfoundation. eu/a/27677,the-case-of-zhanara-akhmetova-ukraine-is-in-haste-to-arrest-andto-extradite-kazakhstani-journalist/. 3 Tony Wesolowsky, “’Trust No One’: Exiled Azerbaijani Reportr Says He’s Being Hunted in Kyiv,” Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, March 19, 2018, https:// www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-report-exiled-ukraine-escapes-abduction/29109481. html; Halya Coynash, “Defender of Ukraine sentenced to 18 years after being treacherously handed over to Russia,” Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, June 27, 2019, https://khpg.org/en/1561552673. 4 President of Ukraine, “УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №392/2020,” [Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 392/2020 On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine of September 14, 2020, ‘On the National Security Strategy of Ukraine’], https://www.president.gov.ua/ documents/3922020-35037 5 Security Service of Ukraine, “Як діяти, якщо вас вербують,” [What to do if you are recruited], Accessed May 1, 2021, https://ssu.gov.ua/ yak-diiaty-yakshcho-vas-verbuiut. 6 “Arkady Babchenko: Ukraine faked murder of journalist,” British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), May 30, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-europe-44307611. 7 Bradley Jardine, Edward Lemon, and Natalie Hall, “No Space Left to Run: China’s Transnational Repression of Uyghurs,” The Oxus Society of Central Asia, 2021, https://oxussociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/transnationalrepression_final_2021-06-24-1.pdf. 8 Yilisen Aierkan, also known as Ersin Erkinuly, tried to cross the border from Ukraine into Poland in October 2020 and into Slovakia in August 2021. Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, Kazakh Service, “Ethnic Kazakh From Xinjiang Says Released from Ukrainian Custody, Now in EU,” March 4, 2022 https://www.rferl. org/a/ukraine-kazakh-xinjiang-erkinuly/31736718.html. Wang Jingyu, a Chinese student, left Ukraine for the Netherlands. “Teen, Fiancee Flee to Netherlands to Avoid Extradition Back to China,” Associated Press, July 21, 2021, https:// www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_teen-fiancee-flee-netherlands-avoidextradition-back-china/6208514.html. 9 Radio Liberty, “В Киеве якобы сотрудники СБУ избили оппозиционера из Казахстана,” [In Kyiv, SBU officers allegedly beat up an oppositionist from Kazakhstan] January 7, 2022, https://www. 10 10 @FreedomHouse svoboda.org/a/v-kieve-yakoby-sotrudniki-sbu-izbili-oppozitsionera-izkazahstana/31644053.html. Interview done in Ukraine by an in-country analyst for Freedom House, November 2021. 11 Parliament of Ukraine, “На позачерговому засіданні Комітету з питань прав людини, національних меншин і міжнаціональних відносин розглянуто проблеми біженців,” [Refugee issues discussed at special meeting of Committee on Human Rights, National Minorities and International Relations,] November 18, 2016, https:// www.rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/137604.html. 12 “Journalist faces extradition from Ukraine to Azerbaijan, fears for his safety,” Committee to Protect Journalists, March 8, 2018, https://cpj.org/2018/03/ journalist-faces-extradition-from-ukraine-to-azerb/. 13 Interview done in Ukraine by an in-country analyst for Freedom House, November 2021. 14 Boris Zakharov, director of the Lawyers Center of the Ukraine Helsinki Union for Human Rights, quoted in Ismail Djalilov and Tamara Grigoryeva, “For Eurasia’s activists, no place is a safe haven,” openDemocracy, March 12, 2018, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/no-place-is-a-safe-haven/. 15 “Втеча від режиму Лукашенка: як білоруси шукають прихистку в Україні,” [Escape from the Lukashenko regime: how Belarusians seek refuge in Ukraine,] Deutsche Welle, October 8, 2021, https:// www.dw.com/uk/vtecha-vid-rezhymu-lukashenka-yak-bilorusy-shukaiutprykhystku-v-ukraini/a-58816390. 16 Asim Kashgarian, “From China to Turkey, Ukraine: 2 Men’s Search for Safety,” Voice of America, March 5, 2022, https://www.voanews.com/a/from-china-toturkey-ukraine-2-men-s-search-for-safety/6471359.html. 17 UNHCR, “Ukraine: Refugees and Asylum Seekers,” March 2021, https://www. unhcr.org/ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/2021-03-UNHCR-UKRAINERefugee-and-Asylum-Seekers-Update_FINAL-1.pdf. 18 Igor Savchenko, “The Case of Zhanara Akhmetova: Ukraine Is in Haste to Arrest and to Extradite Kazakhstani Journalist,” Open Dialogue Foundation, May 26, 2020, https://en.odfoundation. eu/a/27677,the-case-of-zhanara-akhmetova-ukraine-is-in-haste-to-arrest-andto-extradite-kazakhstani-journalist/. 19 “Freedom in the World 2021: Kazakhstan,” Freedom House, https:// freedomhouse.org/country/kazakhstan/freedom-world/2021. 20 Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Document reference UA UKR 1/2020, (January 24, 2020), https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/ DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=25044. 21 Oleksey Skorbach, “Україна відмовляє в притулку прибічнику Навального: чому це не випадковість, а система,” [Ukraine denies asylum to Navalny’s supporter: why it’s not a coincidence but a system,] Zmina, January 20, 2021, https://zmina.info/columns/ukrayina-vidmovlyayeu-prytulku-prybichnyku-navalnogo-chomu-cze-ne-vypadkovist-a-sys tema/?fbclid=IwAR2iWX3J1cpYvBCeJDqKgLr8RXgRiAPSp3BwALui7kT duwxQmVMP8Q5BbiM. 22 #TransnationalRepression