The cases of Latifa and Shamsa highlight the power of the UAE to compel other governments to collude in their acts of transnational repression or fail to investigate it, in these cases the Indian and the UK authorities. Targeting and Collective Punishment of Relatives Individuals who flee persecution in their home country often make the difficult decision to leave relatives behind or have no other choice but to do so. Government harassment of a target’s relatives who remain in the home country is a form of transnational repression used to silence and threaten nationals living in exile. Relatives have been harassed, threatened, arbitrarily arrested and detained, banned from foreign travel, or killed. Bahrain Bahraini authorities have targeted relatives of Sayed al-Wadaei, the founder of the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy, who had been living in exile in the UK. In October 2016, Bahraini authorities detained and interrogated Al-Wadaei’s wife and their young son at Bahrain’s Manama airport. His wife said the interrogation officer told her, “Deliver this message to your husband: I will get him.” In March 2017, Al-Wadaei’s 18-year-old brotherin-law, Nazar Sayed Namaa al-Wadaei, was arrested in Jid Ali, Bahrain and reported being tortured. Al-Wadaei’s mother-in-law, Hajer Mansoor Hassan, was also summoned to the Criminal Investigations Directorate. In October 2017, both were sentenced to three years in prison on charges of planting a fake bomb, which Sayed al-Wadaei claims are based on confessions obtained through torture. Egypt In a 2019 report, Human Rights Watch found that Egyptian authorities have harassed, threatened, or punished family members of dissidents living abroad and that such violations are widespread, organized, and have been increasing. In October 2019, the day after an anchor at a Türkiye-based opposition television channel displayed photos of the family of Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi family at various events, his mother and sister’s apartments were raided, and his brother was detained. In an interview with Human Rights Watch in 2019, a former activist living in Germany alleged that the Egyptian authorities banned his wife and three children from traveling abroad since 2017 and seized their passports for a few weeks after interrogating his wife on his activities abroad. “WE WILL FIND YOU” 22