Freedom House 36 Paula Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, “Regular Procedure,” Asylum Information Database, last modified April 21, 2022, https://asylumineurope.org/reports/ country/germany/asylum-procedure/procedures/regular-procedure/. 44 Ben Knight, “Eritrean Translators ‘Intimidating Refugees’ In Germany,” Deutsche Welle, July 17, 2015, https://www.dw.com/en/eritrean-translatorsintimidating-refugees-in-germany/a-18591144 ; Nicole Hirt, “The Long Arm of the Regime – Eritrea and Its Diaspora” Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung [Federal Agency for Civic Education], April 16, 2020, https://m.bpb.de/ gesellschaft/migration/laenderprofile/english-version-country-profiles/305657/ eritrea; Ben Knight, “Turkey Spies Betraying Asylum Seekers in German Immigration Offices,” Deustche Welle, October 16, 2017, https://www. dw.com/en/turkey-spies-betraying-asylum-seekers-in-german-immigrationoffices/a-40974950; Elaine Allaby, “Are Eritrea Government Spies Posing As Refugee Interpreters?” Aljazeera, February 26, 2018, https://www.aljazeera. com/features/2018/2/26/are-eritrea-government-spies-posing-as-refugeeinterpreters ; Mohamed Amjahid und Paul Middelhoff, “Feind Hört Mit” [The Enemy Hears With], Zeit Online, November 27, 2017, https://www.zeit. de/2017/48/bamf-asylbewerber-dolmetscher-bedrohung-bespitzelung; Nate Schenkkan and Isabel Linzer, Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression, (Washington, DC: Freedom House, February 2021), https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/ Complete_FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf. 45 37 Ben Knight, “Turkey Spies Betraying Asylum Seekers in German Immigration Offices,” Deutsche Welle, October 16, 2017, https://www.dw.com/en/turkeyspies-betraying-asylum-seekers-in-german-immigration-offices/a-40974950; Paula Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, “Regular Procedure: Germany,” Asylum Information Database, last modified April 21, 2022, https://asylumineurope.org/reports/ country/germany/asylum-procedure/procedures/regular-procedure/#_ftn21. 38 Subsidiary protection as a share of the total positive decisions: 1705/40560 in 2015, 153,965/433905 in 2016, 98,065/261620 in 2017, 25030/75940 in 2018, 19415/70320 in 2019, 18,950/62470 as of 2020. See “Asylum” Eurostat, https:// ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/migration-asylum/asylum/database. 39 The first permit is for one year; subsequent renewals are for two years. See: Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF), “Subsidiary Protection,” November 14, 2019, https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/ AsylFluechtlingsschutz/AblaufAsylverfahrens/Schutzformen/SubisidiaerSchutz/ subisidiaerschutz-node.html. 40 BAMF, “Subsidiary Protection.”; Marion MacGregor, “What Is the Difference Between Refugee Status And Subsidiary Protection?” InfoMigrants, June 19, 2021, https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/33060/ what-is-the-difference-between-refugee-status-and-subsidiary-protection. 41 BAMF, “Initial Distribution of Asylum-Seekers (EASY),” February 2, 2022, https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/AblaufAsylverfahrens/ Erstverteilung/erstverteilung-node.html. 42 BAMF, “EASY-Liste: Zuständigkeiten der Außenstellen des BAMF bundesweit,” [EASY list: Responsibilities of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees Nationwide], April 18, 2021, https://www.nds-fluerat. org/48797/aktuelles/easy-liste-zustaendigkeiten-der-aussenstellen-des-bamfbundesweit-2/; Bullseye Locations, “Germany State Codes,” last modified April 23, 2022, https://kb.bullseyelocations.com/article/58-germany-state-codes. 43 BAMF, “Initial Distribution of Asylum-Seekers (EASY),” February 2, 2022, https://www.bamf.de/EN/Themen/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/AblaufAsylverfahrens/ Erstverteilung/erstverteilung-node.html. Nicole Hirt, “The Long Arm of the Regime – Eritrea and Its Diaspora,” Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung [Federal Agency for Civic Education], April 16, 2020, https://m.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration/laenderprofile/ english-version-country-profiles/305657/eritrea. Sarah Aziza, “The Saudi Government’s Global Campaign to Silence Its Critics,” New Yorker, January 15, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/news/ dispatch/the-saudi-governments-global-campaign-to-silence-its-critics. 46 Esther Felden and Nina Raddy, “Bedrohte saudische Frauen in Deutschland: “Wir werden dich kriegen”” [Saudi Woman Threatened In Germany: ‘We Will Get You’], Deustche Welle, February 19, 2019, https://www. dw.com/de/bedrohte-saudische-frauen-in-deutschland-wir-werden-dichkriegen/a-47562270-0. 47 Sarah Aziza, “The Saudi Government’s Global Campaign to Silence Its Critics,” New Yorker, January 15, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/news/ dispatch/the-saudi-governments-global-campaign-to-silence-its-critics. 48 Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), “Wie Erkenne Ich Extremistische Und Geheimdienstliche Aktivitäten?” [How Do I Recognize Extremist and Secret Service Activities?], August 2017, https:// www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/DE/allgemein/201708-wie-erkenne-ich-extremistische-und-geheimdienstliche-aktivitaeten. pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=7. 49 Federal Ministry of Justice, “Act on International Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters,” accessed May 9, 2022, Sections 6, 8, 11, 73 and 74, https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_irg/index.html; ““Mythos Interpol” und sein Missbrauch durch autoritäre Regime” [“The Interpol Myth” and Its Abuse by Authoritarian Regimes,] Verfassungsblog, October 17, 2018, https://verfassungsblog.de/ mythos-interpol-und-sein-missbrauch-durch-autoritaere-regime/. 50 “Germany Halts Uighur Deportations To China,” Deutsche Welle, August 23, 2018, https://www.dw.com/en/germany-haltsuighur-deportations-to-china/a-45190309; “Germany Halts Deportation of Chinese Muslims Over Human Rights Concerns,” The Local, August 24, 2018, https://www.thelocal.de/20180824/ germany-halts-deportation-of-chinese-muslims-over-human-rights/. 51 European Commission, “Return And Readmission,” accessed May 9, 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/policies/migration-and-asylum/ irregular-migration-and-return/return-and-readmission_en. 52 German Bundestag, “Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Renate Künast, Volker Beck (Köln), Luise Amtsberg, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion” [Answer of the Federal Government to the Small Question of the Deputies Renate Künast, Volker Beck (Cologne), Luise Amtsberg, Other MPs and the Parliamentary Group], December 18, 2015, https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/18/071/1807132.pdf. 53 freedomhouse.org 13