Freedom House Endnotes Countries that have committed acts of transnational repression in Germany include Rwanda, Turkey, Egypt, Vietnam, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, China, Iran, Syria, Russia, and Eritrea. 1 Vanessa Guinan-Bank, “German Court Convicts Russian in Brazen Berlin Assassination, Links It To Moscow,” Washington Post, December 15, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/12/15/ germany-russia-chechen-murder-berlin/. 2 “Germany Accuses Russia of Berlin Park Assassination,” British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), June 18, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/worldeurope-53091298; “Berlin Murder: Germany Expels Two Russian Diplomats,” British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), December 4, 2019, https://www.bbc. com/news/world-europe-50659179. 3 Frank Jordans, “Germany Expels Russian Diplomats Over State-Ordered Killing,” Associated Press, December 15, 2021, https://apnews.com/article/ europe-russia-germany-foreign-policy-moscow-00406c5409443089310c725 441d30915. 4 Amnesty International, “Amnesty International Report 2017/18 – Rwanda,” February 22, 2018, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a99387aa.html; Alexander Fröhlich, “Erdogan-Kritiker Werden Eingeschüchtert – In Berlin” [Erdogan Critics Are Intimidated – In Berlin], Der Tagesspiegel, October 10, 2018, https:// www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizeischutz-fuer-can-duendar-erdogan-kritikerwerden-eingeschuechtert-in-berlin/23167244.html; “Germany Frees Detained Al Jazeera Journalist Ahmed Mansour,” Middle East Eye, June 23, 2015, https://www. middleeasteye.net/news/germany-frees-detained-al-jazeera-journalist-ahmedmansour; Bettina Borgfeld, “German Court Jails Vietnamese Man For Helping Kidnap Ex-Executive,” Reuters, July 25, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/ us-germany-vietnam/german-court-jails-vietnamese-man-for-helping-kidnap-exexecutive-idUSKBN1KF1W0; Human Rights Watch (HRW), “Harassed, Imprisoned, Exiled,” October 20, 2016, https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/10/20/harassedimprisoned-exiled/azerbaijans-continuing-crackdown-government-critics; HRW, “Tajikistan: Stop Persecuting Opposition Families,” July 18, 2017, https:// www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/18/tajikistan-stop-persecuting-opposition-families; Amnesty International, “Bahrain: ‘No One Can Protect You’: Bahrain’s Year Of Crushing Dissent,” September 7, 2017, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ mde11/6790/2017/en/; Sarah Aziza, “The Saudi Government’s Global Campaign to Silence Its Critics,” The New Yorker, January 15, 2019, https://www.newyorker. com/news/dispatch/the-saudi-governments-global-campaign-to-silence-its-critics; Amnesty International, “Nowhere Feels Safe,” February 2020, https://www. amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2020/02/china-uyghurs-abroad-living-in-fear/. 5 Federal Ministry of the Interior, “Brief Summary 2020 Report on the Protection of the Constitution: Facts and Trends.” June 15, 2021, https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/EN/ reports-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution/2021-06-brief-summary-2020report-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution.html. 6 Thomas Haldenwang, “Es Wurden Gezielt Menschen Getötet” [People Were Deliberately Killed]” Zeit Online, October 8, 2020, https://www.zeit.de/2020/42/thomas-haldenwang-spionagedeutschland-coronavirus-gesundheitssektor-forschung/ komplettansicht. 7 Maria Fiedler, “Das Sind Die Wichtigsten Aussagen Der Geheimdienstchefs” [These Are The Most Important Statements From The Secret Service Chiefs], Der Tagesspiegel, June 26, 2020, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/ berlin-ist-hauptstadt-der-spione-das-sind-die-wichtigsten-aussagen-dergeheimdienstchefs/25960848.html. 8 German Bundestag, “Auf Die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Sevim Dağdelen, Heike Hänsel, Dr. André Hahn, Weiterer Abgeordneter Und Der Fraktion” [Question from Deputies Sevim Dağdelen, Heike Hänsen, Dr. André Hahn], July 28, 2020, https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/213/1921318.pdf 9 Federal Ministry of the Interior, “Brief Summary 2020 Report on the Protection of the Constitution: Facts and Trends.” June 15, 2021, p. 39-45, https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/SharedDocs/publikationen/EN/ reports-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution/2021-06-brief-summary-2020report-on-the-protection-of-the-constitution.html. 10 “Germany Charges Egyptian With Spying While Working In Merkel’s Press Office,” Deutsche Welle, November 16, 2020, https://www.dw.com/ en/germany-charges-egyptian-with-spying-while-working-in-merkels-pressoffice/a-55618075. 11 “Germany Cuts Funding To Largest Turkish-Islamic Organization, DITIB,” Deutsche Welle, August 30, 2018, https://www.dw.com/en/germany-cutsfunding-to-largest-turkish-islamic-organization-ditib/a-45297763; Chase Winter, “Turkish Islamic Organization DITIB Admits Preachers Spied In Germany,” Deutsche Welle, January 12, 2017, https://www.dw.com/en/turkish-islamicorganization-ditib-admits-preachers-spied-in-germany/a-37106126; Hasnain Kazim, “Turkey’s Worldwide Monitoring of Suspected Gülen Supporters,” Spiegel International, March 31, 2017, https://www.spiegel.de/international/ europe/turkey-spies-on-suspected-guelen-supporters-around-theworld-a-1141367.html; “Geheim Darf Das Ohne Kenntnis Unseres Staates Nicht Geschehen” [This Must Not Happen Secretly Without The Knowledge Of Our State], Deutschlandfunk, March 28, 2017, https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ tuerkische-spionage-geheim-darf-das-ohne-kenntnis-unseres-100.html. 12 Nicole Goebel, “Germany To Curb Mosque Funding From Gulf States,” Deutsche Welle, December 18, 2018, https://www.dw.com/ en/germany-to-curb-mosque-funding-from-gulf-states/a-46882682; Kait Bolongaro, “Germany Mulls Mosque Tax To Curb Foreign Funding Fears,” Politico, May 12, 2019, https://www.politico.eu/article/ germany-mulls-mosque-tax-to-curb-foreign-funding-fears/. 13 Nate Schenkkan and Isabel Linzer, Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression, (Washington, DC: Freedom House, February 2021), https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/ Complete_FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf. 14 Alexander Fröhlich, “Erdogan-Kritiker Werden Eingeschüchtert – In Berlin” [Erdogan Critics Are Intimidated – In Berlin], Der Tagesspiegel, October 10, 2018, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizeischutz-fuer-can-duendarerdogan-kritiker-werden-eingeschuechtert-in-berlin/23167244.html; Attila Mong, “For Turkish Journalists in Berlin Exile, Threats Remain, But in Different Forms,” Committee to Protect Journalists, July 18, 2019, https://cpj. org/2019/07/for-turkish-journalists-in-berlin-exile-threats-re/; “Geheim Darf Das 15 freedomhouse.org 11