Freedom House Maren Williams, “Chinese Cartoonist Deported from Thailand, Jailed in China.” 108 Front Line Defenders, “Case History: Xing Qingxian,” March 15, 2016, https:// www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/case-history-xing-qingxian. 109 Lin Evlin, “This Activist Says She Is Being Tracked and Harassed in Australia by Chinese Police,” SBS News, December 7, 2020, https://www.sbs.com.au/ news/this-activist-says-she-is-being-tracked-and-harassed-in-australia-bychinese-police. 110 Tom Phillips and Bonnie Malkin, “Hong Kong Activist Joshua Wong Detained in Thailand ‘at China’s Request’—Reports,” Guardian, October 4, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/ hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-detained-thailand-china-deportation. 111 regarding surveillance and the capture of fugitives. According to Human Rights Watch, the phrase originally came from a medieval Chinese play and was later adopted by Mao Zedong and revived by Xi Jinping in 2014. Zach Dorfman, “The Disappeared,” Foreign Policy, March 29, 2018, https:// foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/29/the-disappeared-china-renditions-kidnapping/; “China Focus: CPC Sets Anti-corruption Records over Past Five Years,” Xinhua, June 29, 2017, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/29/c_136404844.htm. 122 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “The Threat Posed by the Chinese Government and the Chinese Communist Party to the Economic and National Security of the United States,” July 7, 2020, https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/ the-threat-posed-by-the-chinese-government-and-the-chinese-communistparty-to-the-economic-and-national-security-of-the-united-states. 123 US Department of Justice, “Eight Individuals Charged with Conspiring to Act as Illegal Agents of the People’s Republic of China,” October 28, 2020, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/ eight-individuals-charged-conspiring-act-illegal-agents-people-s-republic-china. 124 Pei-ju Teng, “‘We Will Not Back Down’: Activist Denise Ho Attacked with Paint in Taiwan as Thousands March in Solidarity with Hong Kong Protesters,” Hong Kong Free Press, September 30, 2016, https://hongkongfp. com/2019/09/30/will-not-back-activist-denise-ho-attacked-paint-taiwanthousands-march-solidarity-hong-kong-protesters/; “HK Bookseller Who Fled to Taiwan Attacked with Red Paint,” Deutsche Welle, April 24, 2020, https:// www.dw.com/en/hk-bookseller-who-fled-to-taiwan-attacked-with-red-paint/ av-53230848. 112 Samuel Chan, “Hong Kong Democracy Activist Joshua Wong under Police Protection in Taiwan after Assault Attempt,” South China Morning Post, January 7, 2017, https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/ article/2060205/hong-kong-democracy-activist-joshua-wong-under-police. 113 Tom Grundy, “Singaporean Activist to Serve 10-Day Jail Sentence over Skype Call ‘Event’ with Hong Kong’s Joshua Wong,” Hong Kong Free Press, https://hongkongfp.com/2020/08/22/singaporean-activist-to-serve-10-day-jailsentence-over-skype-call-event-with-hong-kongs-joshua-wong/. 114 Sarah Cook, “Analysis: Through Hong Kong, Beijing Funnels Its Repression to the World,” Freedom House, July 2020, https://freedomhouse.org/report/china-media-bulletin/2020/ beijings-extraterritorial-reach-hong-kong-national-security-law#A1. Zach Dorfman, “The Disappeared,” Foreign Policy, March 29, 2018, https:// foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/29/the-disappeared-china-renditions-kidnapping/. 125 Center for Advanced China Research, “Taking the Anti-corruption Campaign Abroad: China’s Quest for Extradition Treaties,” https://www.ccpwatch.org/ single-post/2019/03/13/Taking-the-Anti-Corruption-Campaign-Abroad-ChinasQuest-for-Extradition-Treaties. 126 Thomas Eder and Bertram Lang, “The Pitfalls of Law Enforcement Cooperation with China,” Diplomat, January 21, 2017, https://thediplomat. com/2017/01/the-pitfalls-of-law-enforcement-cooperation-with-china/. 127 Safeguard Defenders, “Lies and Spies—Switzerland’s Secret Deal with Chinese Police,” December 9, 2020, https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/ lies-and-spies-switzerland-s-secret-deal-chinese-police. 128 115 Adam Gabbet, “China Uses Hong Kong Security Law against US and UK-Based Activists,” Guardian, July 31, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/ world/2020/jul/31/china-hong-kong-security-law-american-citizen-exiles. 116 Austin Ramzy, “8 Taiwanese Are Deported to China after Trial in Kenya,” New York Times, April 11, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/12/world/asia/ kenya-deport-taiwan-china.html. 117 Jojje Olsson, “How China Used the Swedish Ambassador to Threaten Angela Gui,” Diplomat, March 28, 2019, https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/ how-china-used-the-swedish-ambassador-to-threaten-angela-gui/. 118 Yuan Yang, “How China Uses National Identity as a Weapon,” Financial Times, February 27, 2020, https://www.ft.com/ content/378988a4-594f-11ea-abe5-8e03987b7b20. 119 “中国纪检监察报：让外逃贪官无所遁形” [China’s Discipline Inspection and Supervision News: Let the corrupt officials escape from escape], People’s Daily, July 24, 2014, http://cpc.people.com.cn/pinglun/n/2014/0724/c7877925336902.html. 120 “‘天网2017’行动启动” [“Skynet 2017” campaign launched], People’s Daily, March 9, 2017, http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0309/c1001-29132787. html; Human Rights Watch, “Tibet: A Glossary of Repression,” June 19, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/video-photos/interactive/2017/06/20/tibet-glossaryrepression#_ftnref29. “Skynet” is used in a variety of CCP official statements 121 “Meng Hongwei: China Sentences Ex-Interpol Chief to 13 Years in Jail,” British Broadcasting Corporation, January 1, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-china-51185838. 129 130 Freedom House interview. Population Reference Bureau, “2020 World Population Data Sheet,” July 2020, https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/a4-booklet-2020world-population.pdf. 131 Central Intelligence Agency, “Rwanda,” World Factbook, November 24, 2020, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html. 132 Amnesty International, “Safer to Stay Silent: The Chilling Effect of Rwanda’s Laws on ‘Genocide Ideology’ and ‘Sectarianism,’” 2010, https:// www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/afr470052010en.pdf; “Loi n°2008-18 du 23 juillet 2008 portant repression du crime d’ideologie du genocide [Law no. 2008-18 of July 23, 2008, repressing the crime of genocide ideology],” Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda, July 23, 2020, http:// droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/rwanda/Rwanda-Loi-2008-18-repressionideologie-genocide.pdf; Freedom House, “Rwanda,” Freedom in the World, 2020, https://freedomhouse.org/country/rwanda/freedom-world/2020; Freedom House, “Rwanda,” Freedom on the Net, 2020. 133 Human Rights Watch, “Rwanda Tribunal Should Pursue Justice for RPF Crimes,” December 12, 2008, https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/12/12/rwandatribunal-should-pursue-justice-rpf-crimes; Human Rights Watch “The Rwandan Patriotic Front,” 1999, https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/ Geno15-8-03.htm; 134 freedomhouse.org 65