DEFENDING
DEMOCRACY IN EXILE
Policy Responses to
Transnational Repression
Nate Schenkkan and Isabel Linzer, “Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The
Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression,” Freedom House,
February 2021, https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Complete_
FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf.
76
United Nations Human Rights Council, “Cooperation with the United
Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights,”
document reference A/HRC/48/28, December 1, 2021.
77
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, special
procedure letter to the government of Pakistan, document reference AL PAK
12/202, December 21, 2020, https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/
DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=25751.
78
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, special
procedure letter to the government of Vietnam, document reference AL VNM
2/2021, May 3, 2021. United Nations Human Rights Council, “Cooperation with
the United Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human
rights,” document reference A/HRC/48/28, December 1, 2021.
79
Sophie Richardson, “China’s Influence on the Global Human Rights
System,” Brookings, September 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/
uploads/2020/09/FP_20200914_china_human_rights_richardson.pdf.
80
United Nations Digital Library, “Promoting mutually beneficial cooperation
in the field of human rights: resolution / adopted by the Human Rights
Council on June 22 June 2020,” reference A/HRC/RES/43/21, July 2020, https://
digitallibrary.un.org/record/3874888?ln=en.; Sophie Richardson, Brookings,
“China’s Influence on the Global Human Rights System,” September 2020,
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FP_20200914_china_
human_rights_richardson.pdf.
81
Dave Lawler, “The 53 countries supporting China’s crackdown on Hong
Kong,” Axios, July 2, 2020, https://www.axios.com/countries-supporting-chinahong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html.
82
Amnesty International, “Yemen: Renew mandate of the Group of Prominent
Experts,” October 5, 2021, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/10/
yemen-renew-mandate-of-the-group-of-eminent-experts/ ; Amnesty
International via ReliefWeb, “Yemen: Saudi Arabia forces an end to mandate
of only international mechanism to investigate HR abuses,” October 7, 2021,
https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-saudi-arabia-forces-end-mandateonly-international-mechanism-investigate-hr.
83
United Nations Human Rights Council, “Cooperation with the United
Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights,”
document reference A/HRC/48/28, December 1, 2021, https://www.ohchr.org/
en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session48/list-reports.
84
Iona Liddel, “Compromised Spaces: Bullying and Blocking at the UN Human
Rights Mechanisms” (page 9), Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization,
July 2019, https://unpo.org/downloads/2698.pdf.
85
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “The
Committee on NGOs,” https://csonet.org/index.php?menu=80.
86
Rana Siu Inboden, “China at the UN: Chocking Civil Society,” (July 2021),
Journal of Democracy, 32 (3): 124-135.; Human Rights Watch, “The Costs of
International Advocacy: China’s Interference in United Nations Human Rights
Mechanisms,” September 5, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/09/05/
costs-international-advocacy/chinas-interference-united-nations-human-rights.
87
Interpol, Constitution of the ICPO-Interpol, Article 3, https://www.interpol.int/
en/Who-we-are/Legal-framework/Legal-documents.
89
United Nations, “Morocco’s extradition of Uyghur asylum seeker to China
could lead to serious rights violations, argue UN experts,” December 16, 2021,
https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/12/1108152.
90
Interpol, “Interpol General Assembly elects new President,” November 25, 2021,
https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2021/INTERPOL-GeneralAssembly-elects-new-President.; Interpol, “Executive Committee,” https://www.
interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Governance/Executive-Committee.
91
Interpol, “Interpol General Assembly elects new President,” November
25, 2021, https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2021/
INTERPOL-General-Assembly-elects-new-President.
92
Tweet from Anthony Coley, director of public affairs at
the United States Department of Justice, March 6, 2022,
https://twitter.com/AnthonyColeyDOJ/status/1500617089962418177.
93
Ted Bromund, “Russia Wrongly Escapes Suspension from Interpol,” The
Heritage Foundation, March 17, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/global-politics/
commentary/russia-wrongly-escapes-suspension-interpol.; Interpol, “Ukraine:
Interpol General Secretariat statement,” March 10, 2022, https://www.interpol.int/
News-and-Events/News/2022/Ukraine-INTERPOL-General-Secretariat-statement.
94
Arab News, “Syria’s Interpol reinstatement dangerous for refugees,
opposition figures: Legal experts,” October 6, 2021, https://www.arabnews.com/
node/1942671/middle-east.
95
United Nations Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights,
“Khashoggi killing: UN human rights expert says Saudi Arabia is responsible
for ‘premeditated execution,’” June 19, 2019 https://www.ohchr.org/en/pressreleases/2019/06/khashoggi-killing-un-human-rights-expert-says-saudi-arabia-res
ponsible?LangID=E&NewsID=24713.
96
United Nations Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Iran:
targeting of journalists threatens freedom of press, say UN experts,” March 11,
2020, https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2020/03/iran-targeting-journaliststhreatens-freedom-press-say-un-experts?LangID=E&NewsID=25706.
97
United Nations Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “UN
experts deeply concerned by ‘new practice’ of State-sponsored abductions,”
October 18, 2018, https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/10/
un-experts-deeply-concerned-new-practice-state-sponsored-abductions.
98
Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, “Report of
the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances,” document
reference A/HRC/39/46, July 30, 2018.
99
Nate Schenkkan and Isabel Linzer, “Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The
Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression,” Freedom House, February
2021, https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Complete_FH_
TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf.
100
Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, “Report of
the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances,” document
reference A/HRC/48/57, August 4, 2021.
101
Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, “Council of Europe Officially Expels Russia
After 26 Years of Membership,” March 16, 2022, https://www.rferl.org/a/councileurope-expels-russia/31756178.html.
102
Human Rights Watch, “The Costs of International Advocacy: China’s
Interference in United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms,” September 5,
2017, https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/09/05/costs-international-advocacy/
chinas-interference-united-nations-human-rights.
88
40
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#TransnationalRepression
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