Freedom House
Government of Canada, “Remarks by Director David Vigneault to the
Centre for International Governance Innovation,” February 9, 2021,
https://www.canada.ca/en/security-intelligence-service/news/2021/02/
remarks-by-director-david-vigneault-to-the-centre-for-internationalgovernance-innovation.html.
51
The Swedish Security Service, 2020 Yearbook, https://www.sakerhetspolisen.se/
ovriga-sidor/other-languages/english-engelska/press-room/swedish-securityservice-yearbook-2020.html.
52
The Swedish Security Service, “Counter-espionage,” https://www.
sakerhetspolisen.se/en/swedish-security-service/counter-espionage.html.
53
Rozina Ali, “The ‘Herald Square Bomber’ Who Wasn’t,” The New York
Times Magazine, April 15, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/15/
magazine/fbi-international-terrorism-informants.html; Nicole Nguyen,
Suspect Communities: Anti-Muslim Racism and the Domestic War
on Terror. University of Minnesota Press, 2019; Alexia Fernandez,
“Muslim boy who was arrested for building a clock says his family was
forced to leave the U.S. for safety,” Los Angeles Times, August 8, 2016,
https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-muslim-student-clocklawsuit-20160808-snap-story.html.
54
George Mascolo, “Türken in Deutschland werden
ausspioniert [Turks in Germany are spied on],” Süddeutsche
Zeiung, March 27, 2017, https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/
exklusiv-tuerken-in-deutschland-werden-ausspioniert-1.3438995.
55
Josh Kron and Jeffrey Gettleman, “British Police Warn Rwandan Dissidents
of Threat,” The New York Times, May 19, 2011, https://www.nytimes.
com/2011/05/20/world/africa/20rwanda.html.
56
Roya Hakakian, “Iran’s Killers in Our Midst,” The New York Review, August
22, 2021, https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2021/08/22/irans-killers-in-our-midst/.
57
Reuters, “Turkey arrests Russians suspected of planning attacks on
Chechens – state media,” October 21, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/
middle-east/turkey-arrests-russians-suspected-planning-attacks-chechensstate-media-2021-10-21/.
58
Umar Farooq, “Former pilot says Iranian agents
tried to kidnap him in Turkey,” Aljazeera, October
25, 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/25/
former-pilot-says-iranian-agents-tried-to-kidnap-him-in-turkey.
59
Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Chinese Government Transnational
Repression Violates US Laws and US-based Uyghurs’ Rights,” Unclassified
Counterintelligence Bulletin, August 11, 2021.
60
Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Foreign Government Officials
Facilitate Transnational Repression against US-based Victims,” Unclassified
Counterintelligence Bulletin, January 6, 2022.
61
Radina Gigova, “UK announces controversial plan to send asylum-seekers
to Rwanda,” CNN, April 15, 2022, https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/14/europe/
uk-rwanda-migrant-deal-gbr-intl/index.html; Stephen Castle, Megan Specia
and Abdi Latif Dahir, “U.K. Plans to Send Some Asylum Seekers to Rwanda,”
The New York Times, April 14, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/
world/europe/uk-rwanda-asylum-seekers.html.
62
Freedom House rates Rwanda as “Not Free,” see https://freedomhouse.
org/country/rwanda/freedom-world/2022; “Rwanda: Transnational
Repression Case Study,” in Schenkkan and Linzer, “Out of Sight, Not Out of
Reach,” Freedom House, February 2021, https://freedomhouse.org/report/
transnational-repression/rwanda.
63
Human Rights Watch, “Thailand: Cambodian Refugees Forcibly
Returned,” November 12, 2021, https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/11/12/
thailand-cambodian-refugees-forcibly-returned.
64
Radio Free Asia, “Activist Cambodian monk is defrocked, arrested in
Thailand-fellow refugee,” December 1, 2021, https://www.rfa.org/english/
news/cambodia/thailand-monk-12012021155802.html.
65
European Parliament Think Tank Briefing, “Global human rights sanctions
– Mapping Magnitsky laws: The US, Canadian, UK and EU approach,”
November 16, 2021, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/
EPRS_BRI(2021)698791; Government of the United Kingdom, Foreign,
Commonwealth and Development Office, “UK sanctions relating to global
human rights,” July 6, 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/
uk-global-human-rights-sanctions.
66
Press Statement, Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State, U.S. Department of
State, “Promoting Accountability for Transnational Repression Committed
by People’s Republic of China (PRC) Officials,” March 21, 2022, https://
www.state.gov/promoting-accountability-for-transnational-repressioncommitted-by-peoples-republic-of-china-prc-officials/; Press Statement,
Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State, U.S. Department of State, “Promoting
Accountability for Translational Repression of Belarusian Athletes Abroad,”
February 3, 2022, https://www.state.gov/promoting-accountability-fortransnational-repression-of-belarusian-athletes-abroad/.
67
Freedom House, “Freedom in the World 2022: The Global Expansion of
Authoritarian Rule,” February 2022, https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/
files/2022-02/FIW_2022_PDF_Booklet_Digital_Final_Web.pdf.
68
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,
“OHCHR and intimidation and reprisals for cooperation with the United
Nations in the field of human rights,” https://www.ohchr.org/en/reprisals;
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Treaty
Bodies: Preventing and addressing acts of intimidation and reprisal for
cooperation with the treaty bodies,” https://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/
preventing-and-addressing-acts-intimidation-and-reprisal-cooperationtreaty-bodies.
69
Iona Liddel, “Compromised Spaces: Bullying and Blocking at the UN
Human Rights Mechanisms” (page 23), Unrepresented Nations & Peoples
Organization, July 2019, https://unpo.org/downloads/2698.pdf.
70
Iona Liddel, “Compromised Spaces: Bullying and Blocking at the UN
Human Rights Mechanisms” (page 19-20), Unrepresented Nations & Peoples
Organization, July 2019, https://unpo.org/downloads/2698.pdf.
71
Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization, “Press Release: UNPO
Vice President Prevented for Second Year in a Row from Participating in UN
Indigenous Forum,” April 17, 2018, https://unpo.org/article/20750?id=20750.
72
Iona Liddel, “Compromised Spaces: Bullying and Blocking at the UN
Human Rights Mechanisms” (page 22), Unrepresented Nations & Peoples
Organization, July 2019, https://unpo.org/downloads/2698.pdf.
73
Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization, “Ogaden:
ONLF Abduction From Nairobi,” February 12, 2014, https://unpo.
org/article/16842.; Associated Press, “Kenya charges 2 police for
Ethiopian rebels kidnap,” February 6, 2014, https://apnews.com/
article/807c599a3c4140e3ba56c766ee5c88af.
74
United Nations Human Rights Council, “Conclusions détaillées de la
Commission d’enquête sur le Burundi” [Detailed findings of the Commission
of Inquiry on Burundi] (page 6), A/HRC/45/CRP.1, September 16, 2020, https://
www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/co-i-burundi/co-i-burundi-report-hrc45.
75
freedomhouse.org
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