Freedom House Because the Swedish government only issues sanctions that have already been adopted by the United Nations or the European Union (EU), its foreign policy does not include unilateral tools of accountability other than diplomatic expulsion to punish acts of transnational repression. Moreover, Swedish authorities sometimes prioritize bilateral relations with trading partners over human rights concerns. For example, Angela Gui—the daughter of Gui Minhai, a Chinese-born Swedish citizen and Hong Kong book publisher who was abducted from Thailand by Chinese authorities in 2015 and sentenced to 10 years in prison for “providing intelligence overseas” 18—was pressured by Chinese agents to stop her activism at a 2019 meeting organized by the then Swedish ambassador to China, Anna Lindstedt.19 In agreeing to the meeting, Angela Gui had thought that it was officially Seventy-five percent of all persona non grata designations in Sweden stem from cases of refugee espionage.16 sanctioned by Sweden’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This turned out not to be the case, and Lindstedt was later charged with “arbitrariness during negotiations with a foreign power.” 20 The Swedish government said it decided not to expel the Chinese ambassador to Sweden over this incident in order to keep channels of dialogue open.21 freedomhouse.org 5